College News, 1934-12-19, Vol. 21, No. 09

              The College News
VOL. XXI, No. 9
BRYN MAWR AND WAYNE, PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1934
lopy'rlglit  BKYN  MAWR
rill.I.W.K   NKVVS,    1934
PRICE 10 CEltfrS
Spanish Republic
Ref orms Legislation
of Land and State
Dr. Gray Describes Revolution,
Labor, Education Reforms,
New Constitution
REVOLUTIONARY STRIKE
CONTROLLED BY TROOPS
Common Room, December 17.
Before a large gathering of stu-
dents and Faculty under the auspices
of the International Relations Club,
Dr. Howard L. Gray spoke on The
New Republic in Spain. After a few
introductory remarks on similarities
to be found in the background and
causes of* the revolutionary republic
in Spain, and conditions in France,
England and Russia at various times
i^ their history, Dr. Gray explained
how the Republic came into being.
After the war Spain found herself
in a demoralized state, even though
she had not actually taken part in
war. The politicians were corrupt and
self-seeking and a war soon occurred
over the Moroccan question. The re-
sults were disastrous, for in one bat-
tle about 14,000 Spanish troops were
killed. An investigation into this de-
feat*, which would have revealed facts
defamatory to the monarchy, was sum-
marily halted by the appointment of
Rivera as dictator. He pursued a
policy of cleaning up politics, ending
the war, and restoring prosperity un-
til about 1928. But his failure to end
the dictatorship caused his downfall.
General municipal elections held in
April, 1931, showed the hostile feel-
ing to dictatorship. The monarchy
appeared to favor it and there was lit-
tle support for the throne. Soon af-
terward, Alfonso abdicated and fled
the country. The revolution was es-
sentially peaceful, and an election was
held under the auspices of a Provi-
sional Government. The result was
an overwhelming defeat for the mon-
archists?
General Zamora was chosen head of
the government. He was a large land-
owner and a Catholic. A modern con-
stitution was adopted with a single
legislature and a Cabinet responsible
to it. The Catalonians, Basques, As-
turians and Galicians favored a fed-
Continued oil Page  Four
Opinions of Students
On Peace To Be Asked
- Bryn Mawr has been selected by
the Association of College Editors as
one of one hundred and fifty American
colleges and universities in which The
Literary Digest, in conjunction with
the Association, is conducting a Peace
Poll. The questions to be asked on the
poll ballots, which will be mailed to
Bryn Mawr during Christmas vaca-
tion are as follows*
1.    Do you believe that the United
States can stay out of another great
war?
(a)     If the borders of the United
States were invaded, would you bear
arms in defense of your country)?
(b)     Would you bear arms for the
United States in the invasion of the
borders of another country?
2.    Do you believe that a national
policy of AN AMERICAN NA'Vy
AND AIR-FORCE SECOND TO
NONE will insure us against the pos-
sibilities of another great war?
3.     Do you favor government con-
trol of armament and munition indus-
tries?
4.    Do you approve of the conscrip-
tion of capital in time of war, just as
has been our historic procedure .in
drafting man-power in time of war?
5.    Do you think that, in the pur-
suit of the stabilization of Peace, it
would be a wise policy for the United
States to enter the League of Na-
tions?        ,
Similar polls in European colleges
and-interviews with statesmen abroad
to define the policies of the great pow-
ers of Europe and Asia with regard to
these questions are being sponsored by
The Literary Digest to discover and
report what the leaders of today and
the leaders of tomorrow think now
about the stabilization of peace.
Dr. Leuba Publishes  God or Man?
Professor James H. Leuba, formerly
head of the Psychology Department
at Bryn Mawr, has recently published
a new book, God or Man, A Study of
I he Value of God to Man. It con-
siders the problem of whether certain
experiences which are usually regard-
ed as divine are really of supernat-
ural origin'vor whether they are not
the result or natural forces at the
service of man.
Professor Leuba does not try to an-
swer the fundamental question of
"God or Man," by means of philosoph-
ical speculation, but with a careful
analysis of the, experiences in consid-
eration. This book has been generally
praised by critics, among others Al-
dous Huxley, who says that this is a
book "which no student of contem-
porary society can afford to miss."
Henry Holt and Co. are the publish-
ers. The volume is on sale* at the
Book Shop.
Choir Sings Carols
With Unusual Beauty
Mary  Earp   Renders  Recitative
With Rich, Solemn Warmth
of Tonal Quality
DR.   CREIGHTON   SPEAKS
Goodhart, December 16.
"Thanks be to. God for His un-
speakable Gift!" Was the text from
St. Paul, which the Right Reverend
Frank Creighton, D.D., Suffragan
Bishop of Long Island, and former
Missionary Bishop to Mexico, chose
for his address at the Christmas Carol
Service. Perhaps because the Gift
was unspeakable, the joy felt at
Christmas time is unspeakable, too. It
cannot be explained nor suggested; it
can only be sung. The Bryn Mawr
choir sang it, and sang better than
it has ever sung before.
The choir, directed by Mr. Ernest
Willoughby, and accompanied at the
piano by Mr. Vernon A. Hammond,
entered singing "Oh, Come All Ye
Faithful," and then "Hark, the Her-
ald Angels Sing." After prayer, the
Bishop read the first chapter of the
Book of John, and the choir sang
"Here We Come a Wassailing." Their
voices were high and light as chil-
dren's are. Merely a faint undertone
of lower pitch supplemented the mel-
ody and emphasized its monotony. In
"A Babe in Bethlehem's Manger," the
high voices were fewer and sang only
brief phrases that were followed by
the more prolonged, deep responses of
the whole choir. The repeated chorus
was of the same deep tone, and full of
echoing "Noels." Bach's Jem . So
Sweet was more complicated than
either of the two traditional carols.
The various parts did not sing their
words in unison. Instead, each was a
beat behind the other, so that at the
end of every phrase, lower notes fol-
lowed like echoes. Through Vaughan
Williams' gay carol, "On Christmas
Night," some of the choir softly hum-
med an- accompaniment to the quick,
swinging voices of the rest. Just as
swinging and brave was the rhythm
of "King Herod and the Cock," but
the last stanza was slowed and deep-
ened until it sounded like a martial
air.
Then Bishop Creighton read from
the second chapter of the Book of Luke
Continued on Page Three
College Calendar
Wednesday, December 19.
Faculty party in the Deanery.
Carol singing for students. 8.15
P. M.
Thursday, December 20. Mrs.
F. Louis Slade. Goodhart. 4J5
P.M.                                       ^
Friday, December 21. Christ-
mas Vacation begins. 12.45
P. M.
Monday, January 7. Christ-
mas Vacation ends.   9.00 A. M.
Mr. V. V. Obolensky-Ossinsky
on Economic Planning of the
U. S. S. R.   Deanery, 8.15. P. M.
Wednesday, January 9. Vo-
cal Recital by Mr.'Benjamin De
Loache.    Goodhart.    8.20 P. M.
Mr. Bernheimer Shows
Pictures   of   Arizona
Search    for    Early    Civilization
Leads to Discovery of
Natural Bridges
MONSTER TRACKS FOUND
Deanery, December 16.
Mr. Charles L. Bernheimer's lecture
on The Search for the Earliest Ameri-
can Civilization gave us the feeling
that Arizona was the most beautiful
country in the world, filled with pos-
sibilities of tremendously interesting
discoveries in the history of animals
and man. Mr. Bernheimer's expedi-
tions have been under the auspices of
the Museum of Natural History in
New York, the Smithsonian and the
Carnegie Institutes, and the National
Museum. These institutions pronounc-
ed the dinosaur tracks that he found
in a narrow canyon off the Navajo
the most perfect ever seen, and three
imprints, which Mr. Bernheimer res-
cued from a stream bed, are in the
Natural History. Museum in New
York.
The country where the earliest
American civilization grew up is a
rocky desert of glamorous coloring.
Mr. Bernheimer showed views from
the mesas to which he climbed, over
long stretches of pink and orange and
grey-green rocks. He showed, too,
pictures of the canyon of the Navajo
and the Chelly, and an especially in-
teresting and "appalling" view of a
turbulent river that had carved itself
an almost perfect amphitheatre can-
yon surrounding a pointed dome. The
horses and mules of the expedition
had to rflimb over absolutely smooth
rock, so worn that it looked in ridges
and in color, like a shell. There is
comparatively little sand in the West-
ern American desert, but the pictures
of the sandy stretches, with towering,
narrow red rocks in the distances,
were enchanting.
The most exciting part of the scen-
ery of Arizona ^s the natural bridges,
formed entirely by the action of the
wind and sand. The most famous of
them is the Rainbow Bridge, to which
Mr. Bernheimer opened a new pas-
sage, and of which he showed us an
unforgettable picture, taken by moon-
light.
He showed us other bridges that
he found, none so perfect, but some
even more impressive than the rain-
bow bridge. The Hawkeye Bridge has
caves behind it which show the aeolic
processes uncompleted. The Owl Head\
caves are a strange mixture of half?
formed bridges and deep caverns in
the rock; and the Clara Bernheimer
bridge, which is very like the Rain-
bow, is between cliffs and can be pho-
tographed only from below.
Mr. Bernheimer was led to these
discoveries by his search for the bas-
ket makers' civilization. These In-
dians were the ancestors of the Pai-
utes of today, and were long-headed,
while the Navajos are broad-headed.
The basket makers are related to the
aborigines of Mongolia and Australia,
as is shown by their boomerangs and
implements evincing Eastern relation-
ships. They knew no metal, but wore
shells brought inland 750 miles from
the' Pacific. They lived in dwellings
built of tufa rock with beams, and
decorated the walls with .painted and
chipped designs of men and animals,
and with symbols. Some of the
houses are entered by a ladder
through the roof; some by T-shaped
doorways, because the Indians thought
people ^vere wider at the top than
about the legs. The race of the bas-
ket makers flourished from 1500 B. C.
to 1500 A- D.; their dates are ascer-
tained by ^he rings in the beams of
their houfHK    A*
______________________-�    *   >>
Dr. Machlup Addresses Class
Dr. Fritz Machlup, internationally
known economist from the University
of Vienna, addressed Dr. Anderson's
Money and Banking class on Monday
morning. Dr. Machlup is an adher-
ent of the Austrian School of Econom-
ics, and is known for his work in Cap-
ital Theory and the Consumption of
Capital. He described the Central
Bank and the gold systems of Aus-
tria, and explained the effects on Aus-
tria of American deflation in the value
of the dollar. In giving an account of
his own work on Capital Consumption,
Dr. Machlup showed that the usual
idea that profits are gained through
inflation is false. If a manufacturer
has a stock of cotton worth $10,000
on January 1, and on December 31 lias
the same stock of cotton, now worth
$20,000 as the result of inflation, he
usually considers the added $10,000 as
profits and spends it. Actually, how-
ever, he is spending his capital, be-
cause he could not replace his stock
of cotton for less than the $20,000
which it is now worth.
Mr. De Loache to Give Recital
Benjamin De Loache, baritone of
I he Philadelphia Grand Opera Com-
pany, will give a concert in Goodhart
on Wednesday evening, January ninth.
Bryn Mawr is doubly fortunate in
having so distinguished a vocalist as
Mr. De Loache come to the campus
of his own accord and present all of
the proceeds above a minimum fee to
(he college. The price to students will
he one dollar.
Mr. De Loache won the At water-
Kent Contest for 1927 and came to
Philadelphia to study at the Curtis
Institute under the famous baritone,
Emilio" de Gorgoza. During recent
years he has made a distinguished rec-
ord in concert and opera perform-
ances. During the concert season of
1933-34 he narrated Poe's Raven with
the Philadelphia Orchestra under the
direction of Mr. Stokowski, and again
in December of 1933 he sang Fantasia,
by Vaughan-Williams, also with the
Philadelphia Orchestra and Mr. Sto-
kowski.
Nature of X-Rays
Shown in Crystal,
Wave Experiments
Dr.   Darrow   Describes   Lattice
Structure of Crystals in
Diffracting Waves
SURFACE STRUCTURE
GIVEN BY ELECTRONS
Goodhart, December 14.
Dr. Carl Darrow, of the Bell Tele-
phone Laboratories, in his lecture on
Waves and Crystals, explained the
experiments that have helped to es-
tablish the wave nature of X-rays
and beams of electrons and have also
helped to prove the lattice structure
of the atoms in crystals.
In 1898 Roentgen discovered in X- -�
rays waves small enough to interact
with crystals, and even then it took
fourteen years for the connection be-
tween the two to be discovered. In
the meantime, crystallography, had
been far enough advanced for a hun-
dred years and was ready and waiting
for its new purpose.
Crystals have many apparent char-
acteristics, but their most distinguish-
ing one, the regular arrangement of
their atoms, is not obvious even under
the most powerful microscopes. The
essential nature of crystals is that
their atoms are arranged in ranks and
files like soldiers, only in three dimen-
sions. In an easily vizualized two di-
mensional lattice, the windows in a
building, it can be seen that the dom-
inant lines are horizontal and vertical,
not diagonal, and also that these hori-
zontal and vertical lines can only be
parallel to the outside edges of the
building. Dr. TDarrow showed some
pictures of crystals and some dia-
grams which demonstrated how this
is exactly the case with the atomic
arrangement of the crystals, from the
simple to the complex.
Before pointing out what will hap-
pen  when  a  number of  wave-trains
fall on  a cubic crystal, Dr.  Darrow
�   Continued on   I'aue  Kour
Walter Duranty Speaks on Varied Conditions
of Collectivization, Production in Russia
Fiftieth   Anniversary
Mrs. F. Louis Slade is going
to speak to the students at 4.15
P. M., in Goodhart, Thursday,
December 20, on the Alumnae
Drive and the plans for the
celebration of the Fiftieth An-
niversary of the College.
/
Bellevue Hotel, December 15.
It is difficult to make a concrete ap-
praisal of conditions in Russia because
the country is so varied, so big, and
in such a state of flux. They know
whither they are trying to go and
why, but there is so much variety in
conditions that it is almost guesswork
i| to the exact nature of the facts.
his is the conclusion reached by Wal-
ter Duranty, special correspondent
from Russia for the New York Times
since 1921, speaking at a Foreign Pol-
icy Association  Luncheon.
Although the Russians are working
for a Communist state, Stalin recently
said that the state is more socialistic
than communistic, because the scale of
wages varies. There is now no private
wealth and practically no private
trade, and money rivalry is not allow-
ed because they think it leads to war.
They do, however, allow success in
other ways, for a high Commissioner
in the army, although he is theoretical-
ly on the same level as a low officer,
does have more confforts because he
is doing important work for the State.
This is not leading to the development
of a new bourgeois class, as has of-
ten been charged, because the higher
officials do not consider their comforts
their own and cannot transmit the
right to them to their children. Th
difference is more one of rank than
class.
The Russians aim to give th<>
the same benefits as the hig
The mass is to have surf;
warmth, light, clothes an
because, according to
vism would come abo
developed indii t-Uiil
Russia   it   actual!
non-industrial st?
people   which
poor.
In 1928, tjj
program oj
and in sc
Twenty miles away there may be dirt
and dissatisfaction on poor farms, but
Russia is rapidly progressing toward
widespread good organization. The
same state of affairs prevails in in-
dustry. Some factories have schools,
dormitories, creches, living quarters
for the workers, wonderful communal
feeding from central kitchens at a low
rate, and low-price stores open to peo-
ple in that factory, so that a worker
can get a small wage and still live com-
fortably. In another factory a work-
er with a higher wage may have very
uncomfortable  living conditions.
Transportation is still their weakest
point, but it is possible that Russia
may make the leap from ox-cart to
aeroplane without the intermediate
step of railroads. The Five Year
Plan was slowed up by the necessity
of diverting some of the money to the
war industries, but these have been
developed to such an extent that the_
Russians now.feel
the face of
They are
of war, but|
time interfe.
tion progra,
have ceaa
nist  pro]
and   hs
derfulli
J     ,---